Second Sino-Japanese War; Part of the Pacific Theater of World War II: Clockwise from top left: The Imperial Japanese Navy (IJN) Special Naval Landing Forces troops. A Far from Inclusive but Still Rather Intimidating Bibliography on U.S. Diplomatic History from 1918 to 1975, Give or Take a Few Years. THE HERITAGE OF THE GREAT WAR Famous and Notorious Personalities What didDaddy do in the Great War? THE number of mines laid by the. World War IIBackground Information. SOS Children, which runs nearly 2. Click here to find out about child sponsorship. World War IIClockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the Battle of Wanjialing, Australian 2. The First World War was truly . Its origins were complex. Its conduct was intense. Find out about World War II on the Wikipedia for Schools from SOS Children. First Battle of El Alamein, German Stuka dive bombers on the Eastern Front winter 1. US naval force in the Lingayen Gulf, Wilhelm Keitel signing the German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the Battle of Stalingrad. Date. 1 September 1. September 1. 94. 5 (1. Location Europe, Pacific, Atlantic, South- East Asia, China, Middle East, Mediterranean and Africa, briefly North and South America. Result Allied victory. Belligerents. Allies Soviet Union(1. United States(1. 94. United Kingdom China (1. France Poland Canada Australia New Zealand South Africa Yugoslavia (1. Greece (1. 94. 0–4. Denmark(1. 94. 0–4. Norway(1. 94. 0–4. Netherlands(1. 94. Belgium(1. 94. 0–4. Czechoslovakia Brazil(1. Mexico(1. 94. 2–4. Client and puppet states Philippines (1. Mongolia (1. 94. 1–4. Axis Germany Japan Italy (1. Hungary (1. 94. 0–4. Romania (1. 94. 1–4. Bulgaria (1. 94. 1–4. Co- belligerents Finland(1. Thailand(1. 94. 2–4. Iraq (1. 94. 1)Client and puppet states Manchukuo Italian Social Republic (1. Croatia (1. 94. 1–4. Slovakia .. and others. Commanders and leaders. Allied leaders. Joseph Stalin. Franklin D. Roosevelt. Winston Churchill Chiang Kai- shek .. Axis leaders. Adolf Hitler. Hirohito. Benito Mussolini .. Casualties and losses. Military dead: Over 1. Civilian dead: Over 4. THE AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN ARMY 1914-18 FOR COLLECTORS OF ITS POSTAL ITEMS by JOHN DIXON-NUTTALL CONTENTS Chapter 5: Infantry, Cavalry and Artillery.Total dead: Over 6. Military dead: Over 8,0. Civilian dead: Over 4,0. Total dead: Over 1. Campaigns of World War II Europe. Poland Phoney War Winter War Denmark & Norway. France & Benelux. Britain Balkans Yugoslav Front. Eastern Front Finland Western Front (1. Asia & The Pacific China Pacific Ocean South- East Asia South West Pacific Japan Manchuria (1. Mediterranean and Middle East Theatre North Africa East Africa Mediterranean Sea Adriatic Malta Iraq Syria- Lebanon Iran Italy Dodecanese Southern France. Other campaigns Atlantic Arctic Strategic Bombing America French West Africa Madagascar. Contemporaneous wars Chinese Civil Soviet–Japanese Border French–Thai Ili Rebellion. World War IIAlphabetical indices 0- 9 A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y ZNavigation Campaigns Countries Equipment Lists Outline Timeline Portal Category. World War II (WWII or WW2), also known as the Second World War, was a global war that was underway by 1. It involved the vast majority of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, with more than 1. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the only use of nuclear weapons in warfare, it resulted in 5. These deaths make World War II by far the deadliest conflict in human history. The Empire of Japan aimed to dominate East Asia and was already at war with the Republic of China in 1. September, 1. 93. Poland by Germany and subsequent declarations of war on Germany by France and Britain. From late 1. 93. 9 to early 1. Germany formed the Axis alliance with Italy, conquering or subduing much of continental Europe. Following the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories between themselves of their European neighbours, including Poland. The United Kingdom and the other members of the British Commonwealth were the only major Allied forces continuing the fight against the Axis, with battles taking place in North Africa as well as the long- running Battle of the Atlantic. In June 1. 94. 1, the European Axis launched an invasion of the Soviet Union, giving a start to the largest land theatre of war in history, which tied down the major part of the Axis' military forces for the rest of the war. In December 1. 94. Japan joined the Axis, attacked the United States and European territories in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance was stopped in 1. Japan lost a series of naval battles and European Axis troops were defeated in North Africa and, decisively, at Stalingrad. In 1. 94. 3, with a series of German defeats in Eastern Europe, the Allied invasion of Italy, and American victories in the Pacific, the Axis lost the initiative and undertook strategic retreat on all fronts. In 1. 94. 4, the Western Allies invaded France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1. 94. 4 and 1. United States defeated the Japanese Navy and captured key Western Pacific islands. The war in Europe ended with the capture of Berlin by Soviet and Polish troops and the subsequent German unconditional surrender on 8 May 1. Following the Potsdam Declaration by the Allies on 2. July 1. 94. 5, the United States dropped atomic bombs on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima on 6 August, and Nagasaki on 9 August. With an invasion of the Japanese archipelago imminent, and the Soviet Union having declared war on Japan by invading Manchuria, Japan surrendered on 1. August 1. 94. 5, ending the war in Asia and cementing the total victory of the Allies over the Axis. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world. The United Nations (UN) was established to foster international cooperation and prevent future conflicts. The great powers that were the victors of the war—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, and France—became the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 4. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers started to decline, while the decolonisation of Asia and Africa began. Most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to stabilise postwar relations and fight more effectively in the Cold War. Chronology. The start of the war is generally held to be 1 September 1. German invasion of Poland; Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. Other dates for the beginning of war include the start of the Second Sino- Japanese War on 7 July 1. Others follow British historian A. Taylor, who held that the Sino- Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and the two wars merged in 1. This article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1. British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of the Second World War as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the Soviet Union from May to September 1. The exact date of the war's end is also not universally agreed upon. It has been suggested that the war ended at the armistice of 1. August 1. 94. 5 ( V- J Day), rather than the formal surrender of Japan (2 September 1. European histories, it ended on V- E Day (8 May 1. However, the Treaty of Peace with Japan was not signed until 1. Germany not until 1. Background. World War I radically altered the political map, with the defeat of the Central Powers, including Austria- Hungary, Germany and the Ottoman Empire; and the 1. Bolshevik seizure of power in Russia. Meanwhile, existing victorious Allies such as France, Belgium, Italy, Greece and Romania gained territories, while new states were created out of the collapse of Austria- Hungary and the Russian and Ottoman Empires. Despite the pacific movement in the aftermath of the war, the losses still caused irredentist and revanchist nationalism to become important in a number of European states. Irredentism and revanchism were strong in Germany because of the significant territorial, colonial, and financial losses incurred by the Treaty of Versailles. Under the treaty, Germany lost around 1. German annexation of other states was prohibited, reparations were imposed, and limits were placed on the size and capability of the country's armed forces. Meanwhile, the Russian Civil War had led to the creation of the Soviet Union. The German Empire was dissolved in the German Revolution of 1. Weimar Republic, was created. The interwar period saw strife between supporters of the new republic and hardline opponents on both the right and left. Although Italy as an Entente ally made some territorial gains, Italian nationalists were angered that the promises made by Britain and France to secure Italian entrance into the war were not fulfilled with the peace settlement. From 1. 92. 2 to 1. Fascist movement led by Benito Mussolini seized power in Italy with a nationalist, totalitarian, and class collaborationist agenda that abolished representative democracy, repressed socialist, left wing and liberal forces, and pursued an aggressive foreign policy aimed at forcefully forging Italy as a world power—a . With the onset of the Great Depression, domestic support for the Nazis rose and, in 1. Hitler was appointed Chancellor of Germany. In the aftermath of the Reichstag fire, Hitler created a totalitarian single- party state led by the Nazis. The Kuomintang (KMT) party in China launched a unification campaign against regional warlords and nominally unified China in the mid- 1. Chinese communist allies. In 1. 93. 1, an increasingly militaristic Japanese Empire, which had long sought influence in China as the first step of what its government saw as the country's right to rule Asia, used the Mukden Incident as a pretext to launch an invasion of Manchuria and establish the puppet state of Manchukuo. Too weak to resist Japan, China appealed to the League of Nations for help. Japan withdrew from the League of Nations after being condemned for its incursion into Manchuria. The two nations then fought several battles, in Shanghai, Rehe and Hebei, until the Tanggu Truce was signed in 1.
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